Infrastructure

Content

Node maintenance activities required for a Kubernetes cluster:

Node Health Monitoring

  • System Resources: Monitor CPU, memory, disk space, and network utilization

  • Kubelet Status: Ensure kubelet service is running and responsive

  • Container Runtime: Monitor Docker/CRI-O/containerd health and performance

  • Node Conditions: Track Ready, MemoryPressure, DiskPressure, and PIDPressure status

Operating System Maintenance

  • Security Patches: Apply OS security updates using rolling update strategy

  • Kernel Updates: Coordinate kernel updates with node cordoning and draining

  • Package Management: Maintain system packages and dependencies

  • Log Rotation: Configure system log rotation to prevent disk space issues

Storage Management

  • Disk Space: Monitor filesystem usage for root, container images, and logs

  • Volume Health: Check persistent volume health and storage driver status

  • Image Cleanup: Remove unused container images and implement garbage collection

  • Temporary Files: Clean up temporary files and container debris

Network Configuration

  • Network Connectivity: Verify pod-to-pod and external network connectivity

  • CNI Health: Monitor Container Network Interface plugin status

  • DNS Resolution: Ensure proper DNS resolution within the cluster

  • Firewall Rules: Maintain appropriate firewall and security group configurations

Node Lifecycle Operations

  • Cordoning: Safely cordon nodes before maintenance to prevent new pods

  • Draining: Gracefully drain pods before node maintenance or replacement

  • Scaling: Add or remove nodes based on capacity requirements

  • Replacement: Replace unhealthy or aging nodes with minimal disruption

Security Hardening

  • Certificate Rotation: Rotate kubelet and node certificates before expiration

  • User Access: Manage SSH access and disable unnecessary services

  • Compliance: Ensure nodes meet security compliance requirements (CIS benchmarks)

  • Vulnerability Scanning: Regular security scans and remediation

Performance Optimization

  • Resource Limits: Configure appropriate resource requests and limits

  • Tuning Parameters: Optimize kernel parameters and system settings

  • Monitoring Tools: Deploy node-level monitoring (node-exporter, fluent-bit)

  • Capacity Planning: Track resource trends and plan for growth

References

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